ILK BILGISAYARLAR
Bilgisayardan, PC, Kisisel Bilgisayar, IBM-uyumlu bilgisayar diye söz edildigini, kimi zaman 386,486, Pentium adlariyla adlandirildigini duymus olmalisiniz. Biraz daha ileri giderek, ISA, EISA, PCI bilgisayarlardan da söz edildigine rastlamissinizdir. Biraz daha teknik konulara merakli olanlar, AT, XT, Ps/2 gibi terimlere de asina olmalilar.
1980'lerden bu yana kisisel bilgisayarlari ya anakartinin genel mimarisi, ya da anaislemcinin modeline göre türlere ayirmak gelenek oldu. Simdi PC dünyasina biraz daha yakindan bakabiliriz:
1951
IBM AN/FCQ 7
NAME |
AN/FSQ-7 |
MANUFACTURER |
IBM |
TYPE |
Professional Computer |
ORIGIN |
U.S.A. |
YEAR |
1958 |
END OF PRODUCTION |
1963 |
BUILT IN LANGUAGE |
None |
KEYBOARD |
IBM consoles |
CPU |
55,000 vacuum tubes in each unit |
SPEED |
75 KIPS (KiloInstructions Per Second) |
COPROCESSOR |
None |
RAM |
Core 8892-word |
ROM |
Unknown |
TEXT MODES |
None |
GRAPHIC MODES |
256 x 256 |
COLORS |
Monochrome |
SOUND |
None |
SIZE / WEIGHT |
2000 square meters / 275 tons |
I/O PORTS |
Tape, punched cards, modem |
BUILT IN MEDIA |
Tape |
OS |
None |
POWER SUPPLY |
3 MW |
PRICE |
$238 million, printer around $200,000 to $250,000 |
UNIVAC I
NAME |
Univac 1 |
MANUFACTURER |
Remington Rand |
TYPE |
Professional Computer |
ORIGIN |
U.S.A. |
YEAR |
March 1951 |
END OF PRODUCTION |
Unknown |
BUILT IN LANGUAGE |
None |
KEYBOARD |
Binary, control and ASCII keyboards |
CPU |
Vacuum tubes array |
SPEED |
1,905 operations per second |
RAM |
1000 words of 72 bits in delay lines |
SIZE / WEIGHT |
4,25 (W) x 2,45 (D) x 2,60 (H) meters, floor space: 943 cubic feet / 13.1 tons |
BUILT IN MEDIA |
Magnetic tapes |
PRICE |
$750,000 FOB factory. |
Whirlwind
NAME |
Whirlwind |
MANUFACTURER |
MIT |
TYPE |
Professional Computer |
ORIGIN |
U.S.A. |
YEAR |
April 1951 |
END OF PRODUCTION |
1953 |
BUILT IN LANGUAGE |
None |
KEYBOARD |
Flexowriter typewriting/word processing unit |
CPU |
Vacuum tubes |
SPEED |
20 KIPS initially, increased to 40 KIPS with core memory |
COPROCESSOR |
None |
RAM |
2K 16-bit words (Williams-Kilburn storage CRT initially, core, 1953) |
VRAM |
None |
ROM |
Boot loader on toggle panel |
TEXT MODES |
None |
GRAPHIC MODES |
256 x 256 |
COLORS |
Monochrome |
SOUND |
Yes |
SIZE / WEIGHT |
Two stories / Several tons |
I/O PORTS |
None |
BUILT IN MEDIA |
Tape |
OS |
None |
POWER SUPPLY |
1 MW |
PERIPHERALS |
None |
PRICE |
$708,909 |
1965
OLIVETTI P101
NAME |
Programma P101/P102 |
MANUFACTURER |
Olivetti |
TYPE |
Professional Computer |
ORIGIN |
Italy |
YEAR |
Late 1965 |
BUILT IN LANGUAGE |
Instructions interpreter |
KEYBOARD |
31 keys - Numeric and function keys |
CPU |
Transistors Control and Arithmetic units |
SPEED |
Unknown |
RAM |
5 x 22 digit registers |
TEXT MODES |
No display but a 28 chars. per line / 30 cps printer |
SIZE / WEIGHT |
48 (W) x 61 (D) x 19 (H) cm. / 29 Kg . |
I/O PORTS |
Serial connector (P102) |
BUILT IN MEDIA |
Magnetic card reader/recorder |
POWER SUPPLY |
Built-in power supply unit |
PRICE |
$3500 |
1966
HONEYWELL DDP-516
NAME |
DDP-516 |
MANUFACTURER |
Honeywell |
TYPE |
Professional Computer |
ORIGIN |
U.S.A. |
YEAR |
1966 |
SPEED |
1.1 Mhz |
RAM |
32 Kb. |
1971
DATAPOINT 2200
NAME |
Datapoint 2200 |
MANUFACTURER |
Datapoint Corporation |
TYPE |
Professional Computer |
ORIGIN |
U.S.A. |
YEAR |
1971 |
END OF PRODUCTION |
1979 ? |
KEYBOARD |
Full stroke keyboard + numeric keypad |
CPU |
No real microprocessor but discrete TTL logic (Intel 8008 equivalent) |
RAM |
From 16 KB to 64 KB max. |
ROM |
Unknown |
TEXT MODES |
12 x 80 |
GRAPHIC MODES |
Unknown |
COLORS |
Green & black (monochrome built-in display) |
SOUND |
beeper located within the keyboard |
SIZE / WEIGHT |
aprox 2' x 2' X 11' ' |
I/O PORTS |
RS 232, LAN connector, printer connector |
OS |
Datapoint O/S (cassette/storage drum based O/S) |
POWER SUPPLY |
Fed via 110 and/or 220 volts |
PRICE |
Unknown |
HP 9810
NAME |
HP-9810 |
MANUFACTURER |
Hewlett Packard |
TYPE |
Professional Computer |
ORIGIN |
U.S.A. |
YEAR |
1971 |
BUILT IN LANGUAGE |
RPN (Reverse Polish Notation) based |
KEYBOARD |
75 keys in 3 parts |
CPU |
Serial 16-bit |
SPEED |
Unknown |
RAM |
51 registers and 500 program steps |
ROM |
Unknown |
TEXT MODES |
3 lines of 15 numeric chars. Each line displays one register |
GRAPHIC MODES |
None |
SIZE / WEIGHT |
49,5 (W) x 40,6 (D) x 17,8 (H) cm / 15.4 Kg |
I/O PORTS |
Unknown |
POWER SUPPLY |
Built-in power supply unit |
PERIPHERALS |
RAM and ROM modules, Peripherals I/O connector |
PRICE |
$2475 |
1972
HP 9830
NAME |
HP-9830 |
MANUFACTURER |
Hewlett Packard |
TYPE |
Professional Computer |
ORIGIN |
U.S.A. |
YEAR |
December 1972 |
END OF PRODUCTION |
1977 |
BUILT IN LANGUAGE |
HP BASIC Plus |
KEYBOARD |
Full stroke 107 key with numeric keypad, Function and arrow keys |
CPU |
4-board CPU set, 16--bit microprogrammed processor |
SPEED |
Unknown |
RAM |
3.5 KB up to 16 KB - 9830B: 16 KB |
ROM |
From 15 KB up to 62 KB (31 KB of 16-bit words) |
TEXT MODES |
LED display. 1 line x 32 alphanumeric chars. |
GRAPHIC MODES |
None |
COLORS |
Red! |
SOUND |
Unknown |
SIZE / WEIGHT |
46 (W) x 63.5 (D) x 15.2(H) cm / 21 kg |
I/O PORTS |
5 x ROM module slots, 4 x interface module slots |
BUILT IN MEDIA |
Cartridge tape drive (2 x 64 KB sides) |
POWER SUPPLY |
Built-in power supply unit |
PERIPHERALS |
I/O modules: Serial, Parallel, BCD, external FDD, HDD, General I/O, AD/DA converter, etc... |
PRICE |
$6000 |
1974
MARK-8 MINICOM
NAME |
Minicomputer |
MANUFACTURER |
Mark-8 |
TYPE |
Home Computer |
ORIGIN |
U.S.A. |
YEAR |
July 1974 |
BUILT IN LANGUAGE |
None |
KEYBOARD |
16 switches on front panel |
CPU |
Intel 8008 |
SPEED |
0.5 Mhz |
COPROCESSOR |
None |
RAM |
256 bytes |
ROM |
None |
TEXT MODES |
No display interface |
SOUND |
No sound interface |
I/O PORTS |
1 x I/O port |
BUILT IN MEDIA |
None |
POWER SUPPLY |
External power supply |
PRICE |
About $300 |